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Penalties

 
  Penalty is the suffering that is inflicted by the State for  the transgression of law.

Three Folds Purpose of Penalty under RPC:
1. Retribution or expiatation
2. Correction or reformation
3. Social defense

Penalties that may be imposed and retroactive effect of penal laws
     No felony shall be punished by any penalty not prescribed by law prior to its commission.

Retroactive Effect
     General Rule:
     Penal laws are applied Prospectively
     Exception:
     When prospective application is favorable to the accused, provided that:
1. The offender is not a habitual delinquent;
2. The new or amendatory law does not provide against its retrospective application.

No Retroactive Effect even when Favorable to the Accused
     If the new law is expressly made inapplicable to pending actions or existing causes of actions.

Classifications of Penalties
     Gravity                                          Penalty                                        Duration
1. Capital Punishment                      DEATH

2. Afflictive  Penalties           a. Reclusion Perpetua                         20  years and 1 day to 40 years

                                               b. Reclusion Temporal                        12 years and 1 day to 20 years

                                               c. Perpetual or Temporary                   6 years and 1 day to 12 years,
                                               absolute disqualification/              except when DQ is accessory penalty
                                               Prision Mayor                                in which case its duration is that of
                                                                                                      the principal penalty.

3. Correctional Penalties        a. Prision Correcional                         6 months and 1day to 6 years
                                                b. Suspension                               (a, b, c)
                                                c. Destierro
                                                d. Arresto Mayor                                1 month and 1 day to 6 months

4. Light Penalties                    a. Arresto Menor                                1 day to 30 days
                                                b. Public Censure

Destierro
     Any person sentenced with destierro shall not be permitted to enter the place designated in the sentence, nor within the radius which shall be not more than 250 km and not less than 25km from such place.

     Imposed in cases of:
1. Serious physical injuries or death under exceptional circumstances.
2. In case of failure to give bond for good behavior.
3. As a penalty for the concubine in concubinage.
4. In cases where after reducing the penalty by one or more degrees, destierro is the proper penalty.

Civil Interdiction
     It is the legal restraint upon a person incapable of managing his estate, from signing of any deed or doing any act to his own prejudice, without consent of his curator or interdictor.
1. Deprivation of the rights of parental authority or guardianship of any ward.
2. Deprivation of  marital authority.
3. Deprivation of the right to manage his property and of the right to dispose of such property by an act of ay conveyance inter vivos.
( But he can dispose of such property by will or donation mortis causa)
4. Imposed when the penalty is:
     a. Reclusion Perpetua
     b. Reclusion Temporal
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