It is a breach of allegiance to a government, committed by a person who owes allegiance to it. Elements of Treason 1. The offender owes allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines 2. There is war in which the Philippines is involved. 3. The offender either: a. Levies war against the government. i. With intent to overthrow the government. ii. In collaboration with a foreign country. b. Adheres to the enemy country by giving them aid or comfort. Ways of Proving Treason 1. Testimony of two witnesses, at least, to the same overt act. 2. Confession of guilt by the accused in open court. Circumstances Inherent in Treason 1. Evident premeditation 2. Abuse of superior strength 3. Treachery Circumstances Aggravating in Treason 1. Ignominy 2. Cruelty 3. Amount or degree of aid 4. Gravity of separate distinct ac...